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Neurodegeneration is caused primarily by inadequate levels of circulating (in the bloodstream) 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is made in the liver from vitamin D3 cholecalciferol.
Please read the research articles cited and discussed at: vitamindstopscovid.info… . Regarding dementia: vitamindstopscovid.info…
Ayers et al. 2022 pnas.org/doi/abs/10.107…
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Neurodegeneration is caused primarily by inadequate levels of circulating (in the bloodstream) 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is made in the liver from vitamin D3 cholecalciferol.
Please read the research articles cited and discussed at: https://vitamindstopscovid.info/00-evi/ . Regarding dementia: https://vitamindstopscovid.info/00-evi/#3.3
Ayers et al. 2022 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2113489119 showed that Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (MSA) all involve misfolded (prion) alpha-synuclein tangles and that the structure of the misfolding was different in each of these three diseases.
Ogura et al. 2021, in Japan https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405650221000617 showed that MSA sufferers averaged 10.5 ng/mL (26 nmol/L) circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and that PD sufferers averaged 13.4 ng/mL (34 nmol/L), while healthy controls averaged 27 ng/mL (67 nmol/L). PD does not lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D, so the causality is from low 25-hydroxyvitamin D to neurodegeneration. (p = 0.0001).
The immune system needs at least 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) to function properly. This cannot be attained with the UK government's lousy 0.015 mg (600 IU) a day recommendation for supplemental vitamin D3. All governments recommend similarly inadequate amounts of vitamin D3 supplementation. These are only sufficient to meet the needs of the kidneys in regulating calcium-phosphate-bone metabolism - around 20 ng/mL 50 nmol/L circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The immune system needs 2.5 times this, which takes a lot more vitamin D3.
Inadequate circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the greatest single preventable cause of human disease and other forms of ill-health, in all or almost all countries. Only a fraction of the Earth's population have the 25-hydroxyvitamin D they need for full immune system function. They get it from UV-B exposure to ideally white skin (only possible year round near the equator, and it always raises the risk of cancer, since it damages DNA) and/or from proper amounts of supplemental vitamin D3 cholecalciferol. There is nowhere near enough vitamin D3 in food to raise 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to more than a fraction of what the immune system needs.
Most medical professionals are not at all interested in this. Important research which challenges their drug, vaccine and surgery centric view of improving health is like water off a duck's back. Likewise immunologists.
https://vitamindstopscovid.info/00-evi/#00-how-much and https://nutritionmatters.substack.com/p/how-much-vitamin-d3-to-take discusses New Jersey based Professor of Medicine Prof. Sunil Wimalawansa's recommendations https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/14/2997 for vitamin D3 supplemental intake to attain at least the 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which the immune system needs to function properly. As he noted in a recent FLCCC webinar, these are ratios of body weight, with higher ratios for those suffering from obesity: https://odysee.com/@FrontlineCovid19CriticalCareAlliance:c/Weeekly_Webinar_Aug16_2023:d?t=3386 This is because people suffering from obesity convert less vitamin D3 into circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D than normal-weight people.
The average daily vitamin D3 intake should be:
70 to 90 IU / kg body weight for those not suffering from obesity (BMI < 30).
100 to 130 IU / kg body weight for obesity I & II (BMI 30 to 39).
140 to 180 IU / kg body weight for obesity III (BMI > 39).
For 70 kg (154 lb) without obesity, this is about 0.125 milligrams (5000 IU) a day. This takes several months to attain the desired > 50 ng/mL circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. This is 8 or more times what most governments recommend. "5000 IU" sounds like a lot, but it is a gram every 22 years - and pharma grade vitamin D costs about USD$2.50 a gram ex-factory.
Neither vitamin D3 nor 25-hydroxyvitamin D are hormones - they are not signaling compounds. Calcitriol functions as a hormone when it is produced by the kidneys. When calcitriol is produced, in response to the detection of a cell-type-specific condition, in intracrine (within a single cell) signaling, it acts as an intracrine agent, by altering the transcription of genes (and so the protein production and overall behaviour) of that individual cell. This is unrelated to hormonal signaling. The common statement that "vitamin D is a hormone" is completely incorrect - Vieth 2004 https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.037.
hydroxyvitamin D undoubtedly crucial is not a silver bullet. One of the takeaways from
the article is to start where evidence medicine ends and look at an integrative approach to treat multiple conditions.